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273 lines
7.1 KiB
Plaintext
273 lines
7.1 KiB
Plaintext
=head1 NAME
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fping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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B<fping> [ I<options> ] [ I<systems...> ]
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B<fping6> [ I<options> ] [ I<systems...> ]
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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B<fping> is a program like B<ping> which uses the Internet Control Message
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Protocol (ICMP) echo request to determine if a target host is responding.
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B<fping> differs from B<ping> in that you can specify any number of targets on the
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command line, or specify a file containing the lists of targets to ping.
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Instead of sending to one target until it times out or replies, B<fping> will
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send out a ping packet and move on to the next target in a round-robin fashion.
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In the default mode, if a target replies, it is noted and removed from the list
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of targets to check; if a target does not respond within a certain time limit
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and/or retry limit it is designated as unreachable. B<fping> also supports
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sending a specified number of pings to a target, or looping indefinitely (as in
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B<ping> ). Unlike B<ping>, B<fping> is meant to be used in scripts, so its
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output is designed to be easy to parse.
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The binary named B<fping6> is the same as B<fping>, except that it uses IPv6
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addresses instead of IPv4.
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=head1 OPTIONS
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=over 5
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=item B<-a>
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Show systems that are alive.
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=item B<-A>
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Display targets by address rather than DNS name. Combined with -d, the output
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will be both the ip and (if available) the hostname.
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=item B<-b> I<n>
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Number of bytes of ping data to send. The minimum size (normally 12) allows
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room for the data that B<fping> needs to do its work (sequence number,
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timestamp). The reported received data size includes the IP header (normally
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20 bytes) and ICMP header (8 bytes), so the minimum total size is 40 bytes.
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Default is 56, as in B<ping>. Maximum is the theoretical maximum IP datagram
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size (64K), though most systems limit this to a smaller, system-dependent
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number.
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=item B<-B> I<n>
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Backoff factor. In the default mode, B<fping> sends several requests to a
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target before giving up, waiting longer for a reply on each successive request.
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This parameter is the value by which the wait time (B<-t>) is multiplied on each
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successive request; it must be entered as a floating-point number (x.y). The
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default is 1.5.
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=item B<-c> I<n>
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Number of request packets to send to each target. In this mode, a line is
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displayed for each received response (this can suppressed with B<-q> or B<-Q>).
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Also, statistics about responses for each target are displayed when all
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requests have been sent (or when interrupted).
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=item B<-C> I<n>
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Similar to B<-c>, but the per-target statistics are displayed in a format
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designed for automated response-time statistics gathering. For example:
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% fping -C 5 -q somehost
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somehost : 91.7 37.0 29.2 - 36.8
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shows the response time in milliseconds for each of the five requests, with the
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C<-> indicating that no response was received to the fourth request.
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=item B<-d>
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Use DNS to lookup address of return ping packet. This allows you to give fping
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a list of IP addresses as input and print hostnames in the output.
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=item B<-D>
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Add Unix timestamps in front of output lines generated with in looping or counting
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modes (B<-l>, B<-c>, or B<-C>).
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=item B<-e>
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Show elapsed (round-trip) time of packets.
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=item B<-f>
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Read list of targets from a file. This option can only be used by the root
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user. Regular users should pipe in the file via stdin:
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% fping < targets_file
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=item B<-g> I<addr/mask>
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Generate a target list from a supplied IP netmask, or a starting and ending IP.
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Specify the netmask or start/end in the targets portion of the command line. If
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a network with netmask is given, the network and broadcast addresses will be
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excluded. ex. To ping the network 192.168.1.0/24, the specified command line
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could look like either:
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fping -g 192.168.1.0/24
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or
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fping -g 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254
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=item B<-h>
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Print usage message.
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=item B<-i> I<n>
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The minimum amount of time (in milliseconds) between sending a ping packet
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to any target (default is 25, minimum is 1).
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=item B<-l>
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Loop sending packets to each target indefinitely. Can be interrupted with
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Ctrl-C; statistics about responses for each target are then displayed.
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=item B<-m>
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Send pings to each of a target host's multiple interfaces.
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=item B<-M>
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Set the "Don't Fragment" bit in the IP header (used to determine/test the MTU).
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=item B<-n>
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Same as -d.
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=item B<-N>
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Format output for netdata (-l -Q are required). See: L<http://my-netdata.io/>
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=item B<-o>
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Calculate "outage time" based on the number of lost pings and the interval used (useful for network convergence tests).
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=item B<-O> I<n>
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Set the typ of service flag (TOS). I<n> can be either decimal or hexadecimal
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(0xh) format.
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=item B<-p> <n>
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In looping or counting modes (B<-l>, B<-c>, or B<-C>), this parameter sets
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the time in milliseconds that B<fping> waits between successive packets to
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an individual target. Default is 1000 and minimum is 10.
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=item B<-q>
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Quiet. Don't show per-probe results, but only the final summary. Also don't
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show ICMP error messages.
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=item B<-Q> I<n>
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Like B<-q>, but show summary results every n seconds.
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=item B<-r> I<n>
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Retry limit (default 3). This is the number of times an attempt at pinging
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a target will be made, not including the first try.
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=item B<-R>
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Instead of using all-zeros as the packet data, generate random bytes.
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Use to defeat, e.g., link data compression.
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=item B<-s>
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Print cumulative statistics upon exit.
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=item B<-S> I<addr>
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Set source address.
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=item B<-I> I<if>
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Set the interface (requires SO_BINDTODEVICE support)
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=item B<-t> I<n>
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Initial target timeout in milliseconds (default 500). In the default mode, this
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is the amount of time that B<fping> waits for a response to its first request.
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Successive timeouts are multiplied by the backoff factor specified with B<-B>.
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Note that this option has no effect looping or counting modes (B<-l>, B<-c>, or
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B<-C>).
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=item B<-T> I<n>
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Ignored (for compatibility with fping 2.4).
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=item B<-u>
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Show targets that are unreachable.
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=item B<-v>
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Print B<fping> version information.
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=item B<-H> I<n>
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Set the IP TTL field (time to live hops).
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=back
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=head1 EXAMPLES
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Generate ~1000 pings per second to a host until canceled, printing statistics
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on the fly at one second intervals, and printing statistics at the end:
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# fping -s -l -i 1 -p 1 -T 1 -Q 1 127.0.0.1
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Note that ping intervals less than 1ms can only be used as root.
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=head1 AUTHORS
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=over 4
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=item *
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Roland J. Schemers III, Stanford University, concept and versions 1.x
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=item *
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RL "Bob" Morgan, Stanford University, versions 2.x
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=item *
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David Papp, versions 2.3x and up
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=item *
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David Schweikert, versions 3.0 and up
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=back
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B<fping website: L<http://www.fping.org>>
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=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
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Exit status is 0 if all the hosts are reachable, 1 if some hosts
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were unreachable, 2 if any IP addresses were not found, 3 for invalid command
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line arguments, and 4 for a system call failure.
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=head1 RESTRICTIONS
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In order to avoid users mistakingly flooding the network, the following values
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are not allowed for non-root users:
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=over 4
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=item *
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B<-i> I<n>, where I<n> < 1 msec
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=item *
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B<-p> I<n>, where I<n> < 10 msec
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=back
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=head1 SEE ALSO
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C<ping(8)>
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